“孩子喊父母回家” 鼓励返乡就业除了亲情牌还有哪些招******
紧紧抓住乡村振兴和共同富裕等国家战略，充分利用好各类政策红利，为返乡就业创业提供全面支持
据报道，今年春节，江西赣州多地继续推进“孩子喊父母回家上班”行动，增强父母对家庭教育主体责任的意识，动员留守儿童家长返回家乡就业创业，陪伴孩子健康成长。赣州市崇义县妇联表示，将通过加大宣传力度、组织举办活动等方式，切实为有求职需求的妇女群众搭建就业咨询平台、提供就业咨询服务，促进更多劳动力在家门口就业。
我国经济发展的主战场在城市特别是大城市，大量农村地区的剩余劳动力背井离乡，到城市就业打拼，一般只有春节期间才会返乡一次。这样一种城乡二元结构导致留守儿童和留守老人的照料问题凸显。留守儿童得不到父母更多的关爱，加之隔代教育的弊端，并不利于孩子身心健康和全面发展。
如果能够吸引父母返乡就业创业，在家门口上班，并实现家庭团圆，将会从根本上解决农村留守儿童和留守老人的照料问题。
但冰冻三尺非一日之寒，如果没有创新性的举措，可能很难真正让外出务工人员愿意返乡就业。就此而言，赣州市的做法值得肯定，但除了打“亲情牌”，地方政府还应出台更有针对性和有效性的政策措施，真正促进更多劳动力在家门口就业。
笔者曾到部分乡村地区调研发现，农村地区主要是留守老人和儿童居多，青壮年劳动力多数外出务工。虽然农村地区的教育、医疗等方面的基础设施和公共服务都在加快完善，但是青壮年返乡创业就业的比例仍然偏低。不少打工家庭还将子女迁出农村，到城市和县城上学。
之所以人们舍近求远地外出务工，归根到底还是农村本地的就业机会乏善可陈，工资收入不高。与此同时，农民长期以来存有一种离土入城的愿望，希望可以在外闯出一片天地，并在城市稳定和定居下来。
鉴于此，在吸引外出务工人员返乡就业创业方面，地方政府应认识到乡村治理问题的严峻挑战，从系统层面整体推进，才能循序渐进地取得进展。特别是要紧紧抓住乡村振兴和共同富裕等国家战略，充分利用好各类政策红利，为返乡就业创业提供全面支持。
返乡就业创业面临的首要问题是劳动力的供需矛盾，即产业基础薄弱和就业机会稀缺。地方政府需加大招商引资力度，特别是因地制宜地发展劳动密集型产业，为返乡人员就业创业提供产业基础。如果没有高质量的就业岗位，很难产生强有力的竞争力，更不要说吸引劳动力返乡了。
农村劳动力的供过于求使得工资收入偏低，劳动权益保护不够的问题仍然部分存在。这意味着各地要加强农村地区的规范用工，强化劳动权益保护，使农村劳动者也能够获得应有的薪资和福利，保障他们就近工作的权益，切实解决他们返乡就业的顾虑。
不少农村劳动力的职业技能不高，难以适应新兴产业的发展要求，也影响了企业投资设厂的积极性。地方政府要创新形式方式，加强农村劳动力的职业培训，提升农村青壮年劳动力的就业能力，使他们可以投身当地制造业、手工业和乡村文旅等新兴产业。
另外，还可在城市发力，推动更多农村人口向中小城市和县城定居，加快农民工的市民化，并为随迁子女提供更好的公共教育服务。
近年来，我国新型城镇化进程加速推进，意味着会有更多人向城市聚集。特别是新生代农民工有着强烈的城市归属感，更愿意留在城市发展，而不是返乡生活，为此，城市应考虑吸纳更多农村人口实现市民化，推动城市扩容增效和均衡发展。毕竟，安居才能乐业，宜居方能宜业。
成都商报-红星新闻特约评论员 马亮(中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院研究员、公共管理学院教授)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
